Bronchocele

Bronchocele

Goitre - The thyroid gland is located at the front of the neck, just below the larynx. It consists of two pyramid-shaped lobes which are joined in the middle by the thyroid isthmus. It normally weighs 15-20 g.

It produces the hormones:

βρογχοκήλη
  • Thyroxine (T4)
  • Triiodothyronine (T3)
  • Calcitonin

Based on the functionality of the gland, patients may be:

  • Hyperthyroid (overactive gland)
  • Hypothyroid (underactive gland)
  • Euthyroid (normal functionality)

Any change in the size of the thyroid is called a goiter.

There are many species, which is why two classifications are used.

Based on the morphology

  • Diffuse goiter: uniform swelling of the gland
  • Nodular goitre: focal swelling in the form of a nodule that can be single (solitary) or multiple (multinodular)

Based on functionality

  • Toxic goitre: there is overactivity of the gland and usually the patient suffers from hyperthyroidism
  • Non-toxic goitre: there is swelling without affecting the function of the gland
Examination

Background

  • Time of occurrence of swelling
  • Size growth rate
  • Existence of pain
  • Difficulty swallowing/breathing
  • Voice tone change
  • Taking medicines
  • Family history

Clinical examination

  • Gland texture/size palpation
  • Mobility overview with ingestion
  • Examination of painful areas
  • Check for exophthalmos/cold and dry limbs/sweating

Hormonal screening

  • Τ3
  • Τ4
  • TSH
  • Thyroglobulin antibodies
  • Antithyroid antibodies

Cytological examination

FNA (fine needle aspiration biopsy): the most basic test because it gives information about the type of cells in the area of the swelling (benign or malignant).

Imaging Check

  • Thyroid-cervical ultrasound
  • CT scan of the neck
  • Thyroid scintigraphy

The results of the tests determine the treatment of the condition. If removal of the gland is required, this is done surgically by thyroidectomy.

Thyroid Diseases